Cefdinir is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as bronchitis (infection of the airway tubes leading to the lungs); pneumonia; and infections of the skin, ears, sinuses, throat, and tonsils.. Cefdinir is in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria.May 1, 2023 · Amoxicillin and clavulanate combination is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body (eg, ear, lungs, sinus, skin, urinary tract). Amoxicillin and clavulanate combination is an antibiotic that belongs to the group of medicines known as penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. Cefdinir is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic that is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. Cefdinir may also be used for purposes not listed in this ...Methods. This was a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms randomly assigned to treatment (n = 200) and placebo (n = 200) groups. The primary outcome was duration from treatment to clinical recovery. Secondary outcomes were disease progression and persistent COVID-19 positivity by RT-PCR.Dexamethasone for COVID-19. Dexamethasone is a steroid drug that has been used for years to treat inflammation from many diseases including asthma, Crohn’s disease and certain cancers. Current guidelines recommend use of dexamethasone up to 10 days, or until discharge, for patients hospitalized with COVID-19.And, when used under the conditions described in the EUA to treat COVID-19, the known and potential benefits of baricitinib outweigh the known and potential risks for the drug. There are no ...May 17, 2022 · COVID-19 is a novel disease, and treatment options are still being explored. Several drugs have been approved by the FDA to relieve symptoms and control the damaging effects of the virus in the body. As active research is being conducted, treatment options for COVID-19 continue to expand. Treatment for mild to moderate cases is called ... Cefdinir is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as bronchitis (infection of the airway tubes leading to the lungs); pneumonia; and infections of the skin, ears, sinuses, throat, and tonsils.. Cefdinir is in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria.Results. Of all patients, including those with Do Not Resuscitate directives, receiving the dual-histamine receptor blockade for at least 48 h, the combination drug treatment resulted in a 16.4% rate of intubation, a 7.3% rate of intubation after a minimum of 48 h of treatment, a 15.5% rate of inpatient mortality, and 11.0 days duration of hospitalization.Harm. No inpatients or outpatients with COVID-19 were helped (azithromycin [Zithromax] vs. standard of care or placebo) No one was harmed. Narrative: COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease that ...Examples include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime (Maxipime ), ceftazidime (Fortaz) , vancomycin (Firvanq) , ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and levofloxacin (Levaquin). If you ...Jun 15, 2022 · Dexamethasone for COVID-19. Dexamethasone is a steroid drug that has been used for years to treat inflammation from many diseases including asthma, Crohn’s disease and certain cancers. Current guidelines recommend use of dexamethasone up to 10 days, or until discharge, for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Aug 10, 2021 · Ceftriaxone is used to treat both complicated and uncomplicated bacterial infections in adults. The recommended ceftriaxone dose for adults is between 250 mg and 2 grams per day, delivered as either a single dose or two equally divided doses given 12 hours apart. If needed, up to 4 grams can be used daily. May 1, 2023 · Omnicef; Descriptions. Cefdinir is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. It belongs to the class of medicines known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, this medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections. Dec 29, 2020 · The study “Trends in Prescribing of Antibiotics and Drugs Investigated for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment in US Nursing Home Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” published ... May 19, 2023 · COVID-19 rashes. Skin rashes are now associated with coronavirus COVID-19 infections. Similar to other viral diseases such as HIV and bacterial diseases like syphilis, COVID-19 rashes can take many different forms. One study from Spain identified five different patterns of COVID-19 rash. The most common type was a "maculopapular rash." Apr 25, 2022 · Reactions to penicillin may include hives, below-the-skin swelling, and asthma symptoms, as well as non-allergic symptoms such as serum sickness, certain forms of anemia, and rashes. In some cases a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis can occur. This article will discuss how a true penicillin allergy is diagnosed, possible reactions ... Three drugs identified. After using LBVS to study approximately 4,000 drugs, then verifying their findings, the scientists identified three that may be effective against COVID-19 and, in their ...Jun 7, 2021 · Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidance (11) If empirical antibiotics are indicated, the recommendation is for: • Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 5 days or Azithromycin 500 mg PO x 1 then 250 mg PO daily for 4 days along with Ceftriaxone 1 gm IV daily. • For nonpregnant patients, doxycycline is preferred over azithromycin. Jul 20, 2023 · Paxlovid is another drug approved to treat COVID-19 in adults. It includes nirmatrelvir — a drug that blocks the activity of a specific enzyme needed for the virus that causes COVID-19 to replicate — and an antiviral drug called ritonavir that helps slow the breakdown of nirmatrelvir. Paxlovid continues to be available under emergency use ... Kory recommends a weekly dose of ivermectin to prevent COVID-19 infection. "He paints himself as a savior, which then implies that every other doctor is not a savior," Dr. Graham Walker, a San ... The NIH recommends against the use of antibacterial therapy (e.g., azithromycin, doxycycline) for non hospitalized COVID-19 patients unless there is another medical reason to prescribe an antibiotic.The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are a fever, coughing, and breathing problems. Unless you have severe symptoms, you can most likely treat them at home, the way you would for a cold or the flu ...Sep 11, 2022 · Examples include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime (Maxipime ), ceftazidime (Fortaz) , vancomycin (Firvanq) , ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and levofloxacin (Levaquin). If you ... May 17, 2022 · COVID-19 is a novel disease, and treatment options are still being explored. Several drugs have been approved by the FDA to relieve symptoms and control the damaging effects of the virus in the body. As active research is being conducted, treatment options for COVID-19 continue to expand. Treatment for mild to moderate cases is called ... casirivimab and imdevimab, which must be administered together. the oral medication baricitinib (Olumiant), which must be administered with remdesivir. COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Fresenius Kabi ...These can be used as a fever reducer or to treat headache, sore throat or body aches. While ibuprofen will reduce your fever, there is some concern that it may not be safe to take with the novel coronavirus. More research needs to be done to know for sure. Stay hydrated. Fevers usually cause sweating, which means loss of water from your body. These can be used as a fever reducer or to treat headache, sore throat or body aches. While ibuprofen will reduce your fever, there is some concern that it may not be safe to take with the novel coronavirus. More research needs to be done to know for sure. Stay hydrated. Fevers usually cause sweating, which means loss of water from your body.A small study suggests that treating patients who have moderate or severe COVID-19 with ceftazidime or cefepime, plus the steroid dexamethasone, is as effective as standard care. The...Jun 7, 2021 · Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidance (11) If empirical antibiotics are indicated, the recommendation is for: • Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 5 days or Azithromycin 500 mg PO x 1 then 250 mg PO daily for 4 days along with Ceftriaxone 1 gm IV daily. • For nonpregnant patients, doxycycline is preferred over azithromycin. Diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell the doctor or pharmacist promptly. Taking this medication with food will help to reduce stomach upset ...CEFDINIR (SEF di ner) treats infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to a group of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It will not treat colds, the flu, or infections caused by viruses. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. COMMON BRAND NAME (S): Omnicef ...Jul 20, 2023 · Paxlovid is another drug approved to treat COVID-19 in adults. It includes nirmatrelvir — a drug that blocks the activity of a specific enzyme needed for the virus that causes COVID-19 to replicate — and an antiviral drug called ritonavir that helps slow the breakdown of nirmatrelvir. Paxlovid continues to be available under emergency use ... Contact your doctor if diarrhea develops either during treatment or within a couple of months of ending treatment. Keep well hydrated with fluids to avoid the development of crystals in the urine or kidney stones. 6. Response and effectivenessAnswer From Daniel C. DeSimone, M.D. The FDA has approved an antiviral drug called remdesivir (Veklury) to treat COVID-19 in adults and children who are age 12 and older. Remdesivir may be prescribed for people who are hospitalized with COVID-19 and need supplemental oxygen or have a higher risk of serious illness.This medication is used to treat coughs caused by the common cold and other breathing problems (such as pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma).Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are oral medications that doctors use to treat malaria. In March 2020, the FDA issued an EUA for both drugs to treat COVID-19. However, they revoked this ...Results. Of all patients, including those with Do Not Resuscitate directives, receiving the dual-histamine receptor blockade for at least 48 h, the combination drug treatment resulted in a 16.4% rate of intubation, a 7.3% rate of intubation after a minimum of 48 h of treatment, a 15.5% rate of inpatient mortality, and 11.0 days duration of hospitalization.Satisfaction. For me Cefdinir was worse than the infection. It felt like my entire digestive system had been chemically burned from my throat to intestines and bladder. It didn't feel like a UTI it felt like a chemical burn. It gave me a headache, stomach pain, belly pain and pain urinating.The FDA also has authorized COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy with high antibody levels to treat COVID-19. Convalescent plasma is blood donated by people who've recovered from COVID-19. Convalescent plasma with high antibodies may be used to help people diagnosed with COVID-19 who have weakened immune systems.Feb 27, 2004 · efficacy of Omnicef in neonates and infants less than six months of age have. not been established. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria. and maintain the effectiveness of Omnicef and other antibacterial drugs, Omnicef should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or. strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. Corticosteroids, including dexamethasone, have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant qualities that are used to treat a wide range of conditions. Patients with severe or critical COVID-19 develop an overstimulation of the immune system, which can be very harmful to their health.There are currently two oral antiviral pills, Paxlovid and Lagevrio, authorized for emergency use for the treatment of certain patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Data have shown that the use ...Reactions to penicillin may include hives, below-the-skin swelling, and asthma symptoms, as well as non-allergic symptoms such as serum sickness, certain forms of anemia, and rashes. In some cases a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis can occur. This article will discuss how a true penicillin allergy is diagnosed, possible reactions ...Azithromycin (AZM) is commonly used in Covid‐19 patients based on low‐quality evidence, increasing the risk of developing adverse events and antimicrobial resistance. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the safety and efficacy of AZM in treating Covid‐19 patients using published randomized controlled trials.casirivimab and imdevimab, which must be administered together. the oral medication baricitinib (Olumiant), which must be administered with remdesivir. COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Fresenius Kabi ...The drug distributes into various tissues (e.g. sinus and tonsil) and fluids (e.g. middle ear), and has a pharmacokinetic profile that allows for once- or twice-daily administration.Cefdinir, administered for 5 or 10 days, has shown good clinical and bacteriological efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of mild-to-moderate infections of the ...Covid-19 Self test kits; Oxygen Cans & Concentrators; ... Cefdinir is used in the treatment of bacterial infections. How Cefdinir works. Cefdinir is an antibiotic. It ... Cefdinir is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic that is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. Cefdinir may also be used for purposes not listed in this ...Cefdinir is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic that is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. Cefdinir may also be used for purposes not listed in this ...Diarrhea, severe, history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse. Diabetes—The oral liquid form of this medicine contains sucrose (table sugar), which can make this condition worse. Kidney disease—Use with caution. Effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.Uses. Cefdinir is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This antibiotic treats ...Methods. This was a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms randomly assigned to treatment (n = 200) and placebo (n = 200) groups. The primary outcome was duration from treatment to clinical recovery. Secondary outcomes were disease progression and persistent COVID-19 positivity by RT-PCR.We used GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence for the following primary outcomes: 1. to treat inpatients with moderate to severe COVID-19: mortality, clinical worsening defined as new need for intubation or death, clinical improvement defined as being discharged alive, quality of life, adverse and serious adverse events, and cardiac ...Notwithsanding the absence of evidence of clinical efficacy, these drugs are widely used outside of clinical trials (off label) for prophylaxis and treatment of this viral infection. The rationale behind the prescription of macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin) for Covid-19 is obscure as well.Therefore, in-keeping with its commitment to expediting the development and availability of potential COVID-19 treatments, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization on 1st May, 2020 for Remdesivir to be used for the treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in adults and children hospitalized with severe disease (U.S. Food ...Cefdinir is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic that is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. Cefdinir may also be used for purposes not listed in this ...Dec 21, 2021 · Hydroxychloroquine. The drug hydroxychloroquine received a lot of attention at the beginning of the pandemic as a possible way to treat COVID-19. At one time used as an anti-malarial drug, it’s ... Covid-19 Self test kits; Oxygen Cans & Concentrators; ... Cefdinir is used in the treatment of bacterial infections. How Cefdinir works. Cefdinir is an antibiotic. It ...Diarrhea, severe, history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse. Diabetes—The oral liquid form of this medicine contains sucrose (table sugar), which can make this condition worse. Kidney disease—Use with caution. Effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.Jul 21, 2023 · f The use of another COVID-19 therapy may need to be considered. These immunosuppressants have significant drug-drug interaction potential with ritonavir, and they should not be used if close monitoring, including therapeutic drug monitoring (i.e., measuring drug concentration), is not feasible. Consult a patient’s specialist providers before ... Mar 1, 2022 · The best antibiotic to treat cellulitis include dicloxacillin, cephalexin, trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, or doxycycline antibiotics. Learn what medical treatments can help ease your cellulitis symptoms and speed up your recovery. Cellulitis is a type of skin infection caused by bacteria. It is a common but serious skin condition that needs urgent medical attention. In the ... Intervention and comparator: Eligible patients will be randomized to receive standard outpatient treatment only (group 1) or standard outpatient treatment plus prednisone (group 2). - Group 1: paracetamol 1 g/8 h (on demand) + hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/12h the first day, 200 mg/12 h for 4 days + azithromycin 500 mg/24h for 5 days.1. How it works. Cefdinir is an antibiotic used to treat mild infections caused by susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cefdinir works by binding to and blocking the activity of enzymes responsible for making peptidoglycan, an important component of the bacterial cell wall.COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Group Key Research Question: Antimicrobial utilization in COVID-19 patients for suspected coinfection or superinfection: 1. What is the evidence for the use of antibacterial therapy upon admission for patients with respiratory symptoms who have suspected or confirmed COVID-19? 2.Jun 1, 2023 · Many medications are available to treat COVID-19, including oral treatments like Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir / ritonavir) and Lagevrio (molnupiravir). In late May 2023, the FDA fully approved Paxlovid for COVID-19. It’s the first oral antiviral that is approved to treat the condition. It was previously only available for emergency use. In October 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of antiviral drug remdesivir as a treatment for people age 12 and older who are hospitalized for COVID-19. Doctors had been using remdesivir since May 2020, when the FDA granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the drug. This is a mechanism the FDA uses to allow ... SARS-CoV-2 – the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19 – is completely new and attacks cells in a novel way. Every virus is different and so are the drugs used to treat them.Three drugs identified. After using LBVS to study approximately 4,000 drugs, then verifying their findings, the scientists identified three that may be effective against COVID-19 and, in their ...Aug 10, 2021 · Ceftriaxone is used to treat both complicated and uncomplicated bacterial infections in adults. The recommended ceftriaxone dose for adults is between 250 mg and 2 grams per day, delivered as either a single dose or two equally divided doses given 12 hours apart. If needed, up to 4 grams can be used daily. May 26, 2023 · Treating COVID-19 If you have COVID-19 and are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19, treatments are available that can reduce your chances of being hospitalized or dying from the disease. Medications to treat COVID-19 must be prescribed by a healthcare provider and started as soon as possible after diagnosis to be effective. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. For the best effect, take this antibiotic at evenly spaced times. To help you remember, take this medication at the same ... Reactions to penicillin may include hives, below-the-skin swelling, and asthma symptoms, as well as non-allergic symptoms such as serum sickness, certain forms of anemia, and rashes. In some cases a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis can occur. This article will discuss how a true penicillin allergy is diagnosed, possible reactions ...Outpatient Prescribing Trends “Trends in U.S. outpatient antibiotic prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic,” published online first on Dec. 29, 2020, by Clinical Infectious Diseases ...Therefore, in-keeping with its commitment to expediting the development and availability of potential COVID-19 treatments, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization on 1st May, 2020 for Remdesivir to be used for the treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in adults and children hospitalized with severe disease (U.S. Food ...Sep 11, 2022 · Examples include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime (Maxipime ), ceftazidime (Fortaz) , vancomycin (Firvanq) , ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and levofloxacin (Levaquin). If you ... For infections: Adults and teenagers—300 milligrams (mg) every twelve hours or 600 mg once a day, taken for 5 to 10 days. Infants and children 6 months up to 12 years of age—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 7 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight every twelve hours or 14 ...Proteus mirabilis, part of the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacilli, is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobe with an ability to ferment maltose and inability to ferment lactose. P. mirabilis also has swarming motility and the ability to self-elongate and secrete a polysaccharide when in contact with solid surfaces; this allows for attachment and easy motility along surfaces (e.g., medical ...Notwithsanding the absence of evidence of clinical efficacy, these drugs are widely used outside of clinical trials (off label) for prophylaxis and treatment of this viral infection. The rationale behind the prescription of macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin) for Covid-19 is obscure as well.Infectious (C. difficile-related) diarrhea: foul-smelling diarrhea, fever, nausea, frequent bowel movements (up to 15 times per day) The following side effects may get better over time as your body gets used to the medication. Let your healthcare provider know immediately if you continue to experience these symptoms or if they worsen over time.Kory recommends a weekly dose of ivermectin to prevent COVID-19 infection. "He paints himself as a savior, which then implies that every other doctor is not a savior," Dr. Graham Walker, a San ... Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are oral medications that doctors use to treat malaria. In March 2020, the FDA issued an EUA for both drugs to treat COVID-19. However, they revoked this ...Cefdinir is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic that is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. Cefdinir may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.These can be used as a fever reducer or to treat headache, sore throat or body aches. While ibuprofen will reduce your fever, there is some concern that it may not be safe to take with the novel coronavirus. More research needs to be done to know for sure. Stay hydrated. Fevers usually cause sweating, which means loss of water from your body.
Nov 11, 2020 · Talking about COVID-19 has become a ritual for everyone. The COVID-19 pandemic has put respiratory illness—infection, pneumonia, and death—in the daily headlines. Many of us have been anticipating and dreading the next global respiratory pandemic. 2019 marked a century since the end of the 1918 H1N1 influenza A pandemic, and many marvelled at the fact that we had made it 100 years without ... . Lineup for today
Diarrhea, severe, history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse. Diabetes—The oral liquid form of this medicine contains sucrose (table sugar), which can make this condition worse. Kidney disease—Use with caution. Effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.Penicillin allergy: Cefpodoxime, 10 mg per kg orally per day for 10 to 14 days. Cefdinir , 14 mg per kg per day orally, divided in one to two doses for 10 to 14 days. Acute otitis media. First ...In October 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of antiviral drug remdesivir as a treatment for people age 12 and older who are hospitalized for COVID-19. Doctors had been using remdesivir since May 2020, when the FDA granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the drug. This is a mechanism the FDA uses to allow ...May 13, 2021 · Methods. This was a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms randomly assigned to treatment (n = 200) and placebo (n = 200) groups. The primary outcome was duration from treatment to clinical recovery. Secondary outcomes were disease progression and persistent COVID-19 positivity by RT-PCR. Dec 23, 2021 · Treatment of adults with a current diagnosis of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death and for Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually 3 times daily as needed. Swallow this medication whole. Do not chew, suck, or dissolve this medication in ... Amoxicillin and clavulanate combination is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body (eg, ear, lungs, sinus, skin, urinary tract). Amoxicillin and clavulanate combination is an antibiotic that belongs to the group of medicines known as penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors.And, when used under the conditions described in the EUA to treat COVID-19, the known and potential benefits of baricitinib outweigh the known and potential risks for the drug. There are no ...May 1, 2023 · For infections: Adults and teenagers—300 milligrams (mg) every twelve hours or 600 mg once a day, taken for 5 to 10 days. Infants and children 6 months up to 12 years of age—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 7 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight every twelve hours or 14 ... Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir / ritonavir; co-packaged) - approved as an oral antiviral treatment for certain adults. It is used for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. Paxlovid is not approved for use as pre-exposure or post-exposure ...efficacy of Omnicef in neonates and infants less than six months of age have. not been established. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria. and maintain the effectiveness of Omnicef and other antibacterial drugs, Omnicef should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or. strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.Penicillin allergy: Cefpodoxime, 10 mg per kg orally per day for 10 to 14 days. Cefdinir , 14 mg per kg per day orally, divided in one to two doses for 10 to 14 days. Acute otitis media. First ...Oct 22, 2021 · We used GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence for the following primary outcomes: 1. to treat inpatients with moderate to severe COVID-19: mortality, clinical worsening defined as new need for intubation or death, clinical improvement defined as being discharged alive, quality of life, adverse and serious adverse events, and cardiac ... Objective: We evaluated whether ivermectin combined with doxycycline reduced the clinical recovery time in adults with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms randomly assigned to treatment (n = 200) and placebo (n = 200) groups..